- Assessment of DNA Ploidy, Estrogen and Progesterone Recetor Status and Her-2/neu Oneoprotein Expression in Breast Carcinoma by Image Analysis.
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Ae Ree Kim, In Sun Kim, Kap No Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(3):246-259.
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- In 41 cases of breast cancers, the aneuploidy measured by Image Analyzer was compared with that of flow cytometric analysis, and estrogen and progesterone receptor(ER/PR) and Her-2/neu oncoprotein were immunohistochemically stained and measured by Image Analyzer. In ER/PR, the positive nuclear area(PNA, %) was measured, and in Her-2/neu, the content of oncoprotein was expressed as pg/cell. To assess the usefulness of these parameters as a prognostic factor, the author evaluated the results in relation with tumor size, nuclear grade and lymph node metastasis. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1) The detection rate (90%) of aneuploidy by image analysis was higher than that (70%) of flow cytometric analysis. The concordance rate of both method was 80%. 2) The positivity of ER was 73% and PR was 34%, and the high PNA of ER and PR was related with high nuclear grade. There was an inverse correlation of the ER PNA with tumor size and PR PNA with negative lymph node. 3) Her-2/neu oncoprotein overexpression was found in only 2 cases and another two showed borderline overexpression. All four cases had DNA tetraploidy. From the above results, it was concluded that the image analyzer could be used in DNA analysis and in quantitation of immunostained ER/PR and Her-2/neu oncoprotein, providing the important information in the management of the breast cancer patients.
- Eosinophilic Granuloma of the Lung.
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Sang Ae Yoon, Won Bo Jo, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(3):270-276.
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- Eosinophilic granuloma of the lung, first described by Farrinaci et al. in 1951, is rare. A 35-year-old male smoker presented with recurrent pneumothorax. Open thoracotomy with bleb resection and biopsy was performed. Microscopically there was histological changes consistent with typical eosinophilic granuloma and intertitial fibrosis. The Langerhans cells showed positive reaction for S-100 protein and typical Birbeck granules in their cytoplasm. A brief summary of histopathological aspect of this disease and a review of literature are presented.
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Struma Ovarii Arising in Benign Cystic Teratoma.
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Eun Sook Nam, Young Seek Kim, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1991;25(5):462-466.
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- Malignant tumor is found in 1-2% of ovarian benign cystic teratomas. Among these malignant neoplasms, squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignancy, whereas the incidence of struma ovarii is less than 5% in mature teratoma. As far as concerned the struma ovarii, a very small percentage is associated with carcinoid, mucinous or serous cystadenoma, or Brenner tumor. However, any reports of struma ovarii associated with squamous cell carcinoma in the same ovary could not be found in English literature.
Recently we have experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma and struma ovarii arising in an ovarian benign cystic teratoma in 72 year old female patient.
- An Immunohistochemical Study of PNA (peaunt agglutinin) Binding in Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder.
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Chul Hwan Kim, Nam Hee Won, Kap No Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1990;24(3):227-235.
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- Recently, extensive uses of lectins as cytochemical markers have made of studies for various epithelial and nonepithelial neoplasia, however, investigations of epithelial cell surface of transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder have been few. Thus, the atuhors performed a study of PNA binding in the authors performed a study of PNA binding in transitional cell carcinomas with comparision with that in normal mucosa of the urinary bladder to allow more accurate diagnosis and histological grade or degree of differentiation. The results of this study are as follows: 1) PNA shows negative reactions on all ten normal mucosae of the urinary bladder but positive staining at the glycocalyx of umbrellar cells in two cases.
2) PNA shows negative reactions on all four cases of von Brun'n nests and cystitis cystica. 3) PNA shows positive reactions on thirty (50%) of total sixty-one cases of transitional cell carcinomas and reveals two (20%), nine (41%), eleven (55%) and eight (88%) cases in grade I, II, III and IV, respectively. 4) PNA shows positive reactions on the intracytoplasm and/or degree of PNA binding activity in grade I to IV transitional cell carcinomas is not statistically significantly different (p>0.05). In summary, PNA did not react with normal nucosa and metaplastic lesions such as von Brunn's nests and cystitis cystica, however, it reacted with 50% (30/61 cases) of transitional cell carcinoma and its positivity is significantly increased with gradings of transitional cell carcinomas (p<0.05).
- Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Lesions of Central Nervous System: An Experience on the Accuracy of Cytologic Diagnosis.
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Hye Rim Park, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik, Hung Seob Chung, Ki Chan Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1989;23(3):342-349.
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- The cyto-histologic correlation and cytologic accuracy are reported in thirty cases of consecutive aspirated cells and their biopsied tissues of patients with clinical and neuroradiologic evidences of central nervous system tumors and other lesions investigated at the Pathology and Neurosurgery Department, Korea University Hospital, from Apr. 1987 to Apr. 1988. The series comprised of 17 benign and 12 malignant histopathologically verified brain neoplasms and 1 infectious lesion. In 78% of the cases, the cytologic diagnosis was concordant with the histologic diagnosis provided adequate sample was obtained. In 17 benign tumors, the diagnostic rate was 87% ; the diagnostic accuracy for 12 malignant CNS tumors was 63% cytologically.
In almost all cases, differentiation of non-neoplastic lesion from neoplastic one and that of benign tumors from malignant ones were possible. Most discordance stemmed from failure to distinguish different types of malignant tumors.
In meningioma, neurilemmoma, pituitary adenoma, and medulloblastoma, cytologic diagnostic accuracy was high, but germinoma, malignant ependymoma, and hemangioblastoma were difficult to diagnose by cytology alone.
- Malignant Meningioma: Clinical, Radiologic and Pathologic Characteristics.
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Hye Rim Park, Yang Seok Chae, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(3):277-284.
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- This is a report of the clinico-pathologic findings in six cases of histologically verified malignant meningiomas-three hemangiopericytic and three anaplastic types. They were three males and three females and two of them were reoperated for recurrence. The hemangiopericytic types had similar angiographic and macroscopic features and malignant characteristics such as increased mitoses. The anaplastic types lacked typical arrangement, but had a large number of mitoses, increased cellularity, focal necrosis, pleomorphism, anaplasia, and the adjacent normal parenchymal infiltration. However the metastasis was not yet proven in these cases.
- Giant Cell Glioblastoma: A report of two cases.
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Seoung Hyp Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):110-117.
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- A rare variant of glioblastoma characterized by giant or monster cells is now well recognized. However, this tumor had been remained in controversy on its pathogenesis, and the tumor had been considered to be a sarcoma until 1968, when the electronemicroscopic study demonstrated the presence of filaments mesuring 80 in diameter in the perikarya in giant cells as well as in smaller, better differentiated cells. The peroxidase antiperoxidase stain of glial fibrillary acid protein shows positive glial fibrillary fibers in their cytoplasm, accordingly the giant cells has been recognized as being of astrocytic origin.
This concept has been redocumented by light microscopy since PTAH-positive astrocytic fibers are present in large numbers of neoplastic cells. The two cases reported here were frontal and occipital giant cell glioblastomas in 58 years old male and 44 years old women, respectively. On light microscopy, the tumor showed numberous characteristic giant or monster cells as well as the same features seen in the usual glioblastoma. The electron microscopy and special stains, PTAH and GFAP confirmed that the giant cells were in glial origin.
- Immunohistochemical Study on the Blood Group A, B and H in Colonic Adenocarcinomas.
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Seoung Hye Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1988;22(1):31-41.
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- Blood group isoantigens (BGS) A, B and H comprise a group of carbohydrate cell surface markers found not only on the erythrocytes but in wide variety of epithelial cells and body fluid on 80% of the human population. There has been increasing interest in the changes in blood group A, B and H antigen expression in various epithelial malignancies. These changes included deletion of A, B determinants, accumulation of precursor substances, increment or neosynthesis of imcomplete blood group antigens and synthesis of sialylated substances bearing blood group carbohydrate chains. Also these changes have been explained as an evidence of immunologic dedifferentiation analogous to the morphologic dedifferenctiation of anaplasia. isoantigens may be altered in epithelial tissues that show repair and regeneration, metaplastic changes and dysplasia. We studied that the changes of blood group isoantigens A, B and H in 30 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon, 27 cases of adjacent mucosa and 19 cases of metastatic lymph nodes by immunohistochemical study. In ascending, transverse and rectosigmoid colon, the blood group isoantigens A, B and H are positive in 57.1%, 0% and 57.1% of adenocarcinomas and 100%, 50% and 0% in adjacent mucosae, respectively. In ascending colon,the frequency of the metastasis and recurrences in Blood group isoantigen positive and negative cases are 75% and 66.6% and in rectosigmoid colon, those are 50.5% and 90.0%, respectively. In tumors of the ascending colon, there was no significant correlation between antigen content and frequency of metastasis. However, the cancer of the rectosigmoid colon with bloodgroup isoantigen positive were associated with a lower frequency of metastasis than those without blood group isoantigen. (p=0.045). The data suggests that the immunohistochemical studies of blood group isoantigen may be of value in estimating the clinical behavior of certain colon carcinoma.
- Pure Epithelioid Malignant Schwanoma: A case report.
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Hye Yeon Kim, Kyu Bum Lee, In Sun Kim, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(4):496-502.
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- The pure epithelioid malignant schwanoma is a rare form of malignant schwanoma and differs from the ordinary epithelioid malignant schwanoma because of the absence of a spindle cell component. We present a case of purely epithelioid malignant schwanoma arising in the parapharyngeal area from vagus nerve without difinite evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. The patient was a 28-year-old man with palpable right neck mass and swallowing difficulty during 2 years. The mass was an ovoid encapsulated tumor and measured 5x3x3 cm in dimension. The cut surface showed brownish tan homogeneous nodular appearance with partly myxoid area. Microscopically the tumor showed nodular pattern composed of epitheliod cells which were arranged in both tight clusters and stringy cords. The cells were ovoid in shape and had vesicular nuclei with single prominent eosinophilic nucleolei and sometimes abundant intracytoplasmic mucin. Mitoses were infrequent. Ultrastructural study showed rudimentary cell junction and degenerated cytoplasmic organelles including scattered mitochondriae, short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets. There were no definite basement membrane and melanosome. Immunohistochemical study showed the cells being positive for S100 protein, neuron specific enolase and myelin basic protein and negative for cytokeratin.
- Endometrial Carcinoma Associated with Stein-Leventhal Syndrome: Two cases report.
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Hye Yeon Kim, Insun Kim, Hye Rim Park, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(3):374-377.
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Abstract
- Stein-Leventhal syndrome is a clinicopathological entity characterized by chronic anovulation and sclerotic ovaries.
Clinically, the affected patients typically present their third decade with a history of premenarchal obesity and postmenarchal onset of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, infertility, and clinical evidence of increased androgen production. In some patients, there are estrogenic phenomena such as menometrorrhagia with or without endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma. Several studies have indicated that there may be an increased incidence of ovarian neoplasia in polycystic ovaries. Recently, we experienced two cases of polycystic ovaries assotiated with endometrial carcinoma in premenopausal women, who had clinical characteristics of Stein-Leventhal syndrome; one of the cases had additional serous cystandenofibroma.
- Study on the Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody and Anti-Nuclear Antibody of Chronic Active Hepatitis, Chronic Persistant Heratitis and Liver Cirrhosis in Korea.
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Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik, Sang Kook Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1986;20(2):147-156.
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- In Korea chronic liver diseases are the important medical issues because of their high incidence, poor prognosis and no available therapeutic resume. It is believed that the etiologic agent of most of chronic liver diseases in Korea is hepatitis B virus. To find out the incidence of positivity and to understand the autoantibodies in some of the chronic liver diseases in Korea, anti-smooth muscle antibody and anti-nuclear antibody tests were performed on 43 patient serum with chronic active hepatitis, 13 patient serum with chronic persistant hepatitis and 20 patient serum with liver cirrhosis, who diagnosed by liver biopsies. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1) The positivity of anti-smooth muscle antibody in chronic active hepatitis was 93.0%, that in chronic persistant hepatitis 60.0% and that in liver cirrhosis 80.0%. 2) The positivity of anti-nuclear antibody in chronic active hepatitis was 18.6%, that in chronic persistant hepatitis 15.4%, that in liver cirrhosis 5.0%. 3) The test efficiency of anti-smooth muscle antibody to differentiate chronic active hepatitis from chronic persistant hepatitis and liver cirrhosis was 48.7%. The above results suggest that the antismooth muscle antibody may be related to the "necrosis of liver cells", and further studies are needed to fine out any relationship between the autoantibody and the disturbance of immune regulatory function if there is, as this study suggested.
- Gastrointestinal Tumors Associated with von Recklinghausen's Neurofibromatosis: A report of two cases.
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Mee Ja Park, Hye Yeon Kim, Nam Hee Won, In Sun Kim, Kap No Lee, Seung Yong Paik
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(3):345-349.
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- Neurofibromatosis, first clearly described by von Recklinghausen in 1882, is a dominantly inherited mesodermal and ectodermal dysplasia with a broad spectrum of clinical findings. Most common is the classical neurofibromatosis, which has three major features: (1) multiple neural tumors dispersed anywhere on or in the body; (2) numerous pigmented skin lesions, some of which are "cafe au lait" spots; and (3) pigmented iris hamartomas also called Lisch nodules.
Other lesions sometimes seen in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease include congenital malformations of various types, vascular lesions, neurilemoma meningioma and other intracranial neoplasms, pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma and Wilms' tumor. Approximately 10% of the patients with neurofibromatosis have the gastrointestinal tract tumors as neurofibroma, ganglioneuroma and leiomyoma. Some of them show evidence of malignancy. Increased activity of the protein "nerve growth factor" in the sera of the patients with disseminated neurofibromatosis has been reported. We would like to report here two cases of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Report of an incomplete form.
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Hye Yeon Kim, Kap No Lee, Seung Young Paik, Ki Chan Lee, Chang Soo Lim, Suck Ho Nam, Je G Chi
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1985;19(2):226-230.
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- The Sturge Weber syndrome is an uncommon disorder characterized by port-wine nevus of the face with angiomatosis of the ipsilateral cerebral leptomeninges and extensive calcification in the underlying cerebral cortex.
Associated with this syndrome are mental retardation, choroidal angioma, buphthalmus or glaucoma, seizure and hemiplegia. We studied a case of incomplete form of Sturage Weber syndrome in a 12 year-old boy, who had generalized seizure, a homonymous hemianopsia, intracranial calcification and leptomeningeal angiomatosis. There are no characteristic facial nevus, mental retardation, occular changes and hemiplegia.
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